Vykort (Motiv Royal Courts )

Motiv.
The Royal Courts of Justice, commonly called the Law Courts, is a court building in Westminster which houses the High Court and Court of Appeal of England and Wales. The High Court also sits on circuit and in other major cities. Designed by George Edmund Street, who died before it was completed, it is a large grey stone edifice in the Victorian Gothic Revival style built in the 1870s and opened by Queen Victoria in 1882. It is one of the largest courts in Europe. It is a Grade I listed building.[1]

It is located on the Strand within the City of Westminster, near the boundary with the City of London (Temple Bar). It is surrounded by the four Inns of Court, St Clement Danes church, the Australian High Commission, King's College London and the London School of Economics. The nearest London Underground stations are Chancery Lane and Temple.

History Courts of Justice Building Act 1865Courts of Justice Concentration (Site) Act 1865For centuries these courts were located in Westminster Hall; however, in the 19th century, justices decided the courts needed a purpose-built structure. Much of the preparatory legal work was completed by Edwin Wilkins Field including promotion of the Courts of Justice Building Act 1865 (28 & 29 Vict. c. 48) and the Courts of Justice Concentration (Site) Act 1865 (28 & 29 Vict. c. 49). A statue of Field stands in the building.[2] Parliament paid £1,453,000 for the 6-acre (24,000 m2) site upon which 450 houses had to be demolished.[2]

The search for a design for the Law Courts was by way of a competition, a then-common approach to selecting a design and an architect. The competition ran from 1866 to 1867 and the twelve architects competing for the contract each submitted designs for the site.[3] In 1868 it was finally decided that George Edmund Street was the winner.[3] Building was started in 1873 by Messrs Bull & Sons of Southampton. Its masons led a serious strike at an early stage which threatened to extend to the other trades and caused a temporary stoppage of the works. In consequence, foreign workmen were brought in – mostly Germans. This aroused bitter hostility on the part of the men on strike, and the newcomers had to be housed and fed within the building. However, these disputes were eventually settled and the building took eight years to complete; it was officially opened by Queen Victoria on 4 December 1882.[2][4][5]

Street died before the building was opened, overcome by the work.[6] The building was paid for by cash accumulated in court from the estates of the intestate to the sum of £700,000. Oak work and fittings in the court cost a further £70,000 and with decoration and furnishing the total cost for the building came to under £1 million.[2]

The building was extended to the designs of Sir Henry Tanner to create the West Green building completed in 1912.[2] The Queen's Building followed in 1968 and the Thomas More Courts were completed in January 1990.[2]

The building was used as a "Nightingale Court" for criminal trials during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021.[7]

On 8 September 2025, a mural by Banksy was discovered. The mural depicted a judge using a gavel to beat a protester holding a placard. Banksy took credit for the art piece on social media later the same day.[8] The mural was then covered up and guarded by security staff before being removed.[9]

Architecture

Se bild.

Villa d'Este är ett italienskt palats med trädgård i manieristisk stil i staden Tivoli nära Rom. Den är med på Unescos världsarvslista[1].
Villan uppfördes mellan 1550 och 1572 av kardinal Ippolito II av Este, son till Lucrezia Borgia och Ferrara-fursten Alfonso I. Livio Agresti från Forlì ledde arbetet med den konstnärliga utsmyckningen inomhus och Pirro Ligorio var ansvarig för utformningen av trädgården. Han bistods av Thomaso Chiruchi från Bologna, när det gällde hydrauliken.

Franz Liszt har skrivit pianostycket "Les Jeux d'Eaux à la Villa d'Este" som anknyter till villans vackra trädgård och fontäner.

fontän (franska fontaine, ytterst av latin fons, "källa"), även kallad springbrunn eller vattenkonst, är en anläggning där vatten i olika former och genom olika rörelser utnyttjas i konstnärligt och dekorativt syfte. En naturlig fontän kan uppkomma i en artesisk brunn.

HistorikFontäner hade ursprungligen en ren praktisk uppgift, de skulle tillhandahålla dricks- och bruksvatten för allmänheten. Vattenpumpar och dricksvattenfontäner är kända sedan antiken. Fontäner med rent dekorativ funktion anses ha introducerats av romarna. De var ofta ett centralt inslag i romerska villors trädgårdar.

Utformning och funktionEn fontänskulptur består vanligen av en formgiven struktur (ofta en skulptur) utförd i ett beständigt material, varur vatten flödar fram. Där enbart fontänen utgör huvuddelen av en springbrunn utgörs den av en kraftig och vanligen uppåtriktad vattenstråle med vatten i rätt tryck.

För att uppnå tillräcklig tryck krävdes i äldre anläggningar en vattenkälla som ligger högre än fontänens högsta punkt. Det gav upphov till omfattande ingenjörsarbeten där hela floder leddes om för att försörja rika vattenträdgårdar. Ibland fungerade inte anläggningen tillfredsställande som exempelvis fontänen Kronan i Drottningholms slottspark som 1961 sprutade för första gången så som det var tänkt 300 år tidigare. Med moderna elektriska pumpar som cirkulerar vattnet fick man pålitliga fontäner.

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